CHEM1110 _ A List of Topics and SkillsChapters are keyed to General Chemistry, 7th ed, Whitten et al
Chapter I _ The Foundations of Chemistry names and symbols of the elements meanings of Atomic number, atomic weight, mass number isotope symbols Metric prefixes (milli, kilo, mega, nano, etc) Base units in the SI system Convert metric to English: e.g., kilograms to pounds, meters to inches, liters to quarts Unit factor method Density and specific gravity Work with significant figures compute atomic weight of an element from isotopic abundance data Compounds and the law of definite proportions Differentiate between physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes Differentiate between intensive and extensive properties Define the three common states of matter Classify materials in heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, pure substance (element/cmpd)
Chapter II _ Chemical Formulas and Composition Stoichemetry Differentiate between ionic and molecular compounds Differentiate between a molecule and an ion Names and chemical formulas of some common molecular compounds Names and chemical formulas of some common polyatomic ions Names and chemical formulas of the most stable cation of metallic elements Names and chemical formulas of the most stable anion of nonmetallic elements The Mole Concept _ definition of the mole Find the molar mass of a substance Convert from mass of sample to moles and back Find the % composition of elements in a compound from its formula Find the compound empirical formula from its % composition data
Chapter III _ Chemical Equations and Reaction Stoichemetry Write, interpret and balance chemical equations Know the 3 driving forces for chemical reaction Know how to calculate moles and masses undergoing reaction (rxn stioch) Classify samples as electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, strong and weak. Write the chemical equation for precipitation reaction Write the net ionic equation for a precipitation reaction Work with moles and masses in the case of a limiting reagent. Calculate the % yield in a chemical reaction. Know the definition of solvent and solute in a solution Calculate the % solute by mass in a solution, or use it to determine amount of solution needed. Calculate the molarity of a solution and use it in various problems. Dilution calculations Do a rxn stoich problem with reactants in solution using molarity and volumes.
Chapter IV _ Some Types of Chemical Reactions names of the common periodic table groupings Physical properties of metals vs nonmetals What is a hydronium ion? List the common strong acids and bases Know several common weak acids and bases by formula Assign oxidation numbers to atoms in a compound Define oxidation and reduction, oxidizing and reducing agents Identify the above in a redox reaction. Know the solubility rules Know how titration is performed Write formula unit and net ionic equations for a variety of reaction types. Name binary compounds Name the ternary acids (oxo acids) and their salts
Chapter V _ The Structure of Atoms Know the fundamental particles and their properties. Know the main historical facts surrounding the discovery of the particles. Know the symbolism for the isotopes. Know how to calculate the average atomic weight of an element from isotope data. Properties of light = wavelength, frequency, speed, energy of photons Photoelectric effect and its meaning Line emission spectra of atoms and its interpretation by Bohr's theory The Rydberg Equation for atomic hydrogen Wave nature of the electron _ de Broglie's equation Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Basic postulates of quantum mechanics Four quantum numbers of hydrogen atoms and their meaning. Atomic levels, sublevels, orbitals and states Shapes of atomic orbitals Electron configuration of multielectron atoms Aufbau principle Pauli exclusion principle Hund's rule Explanation of the periodic properties of elements using electron configurations
Chapter VI _ Chemical Periodicity Periodic properties of Atomic radii, Ionization energies Sizes of atoms vs ions Relative sizes of a series of ions Define and predict trends in electronegativity. Radicals and biradicals
Chapter VII _ Chemical Bonds Ionic bonding vs covalent Lewis symbolism for elements Lewis symbolism for ionic compounds Lewis symbolism for covalent molecules and molecular ions Consturction of lewis notation of common compounds The octet rule Predict the existence of resonance Recognize violations of the octet rule _ electron deficient compounds and expanded valence shells Polar covalent bonds Predicting the existence of polar covalent bonds and polar molecules. Assign formal charges to atoms and use to predict stability Lewis definition of acids and bases
Chapter VIII _ Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories Use VSEPR theory to predict electronic geometry and molecular geometry Predict the bond angles in molecules and the geometry around certain atoms. Valence Bond Theory _ hybridization schemes
Chapter XII _ Gases What are the properties of gases? What is the approximate composition of the air. How is pressure measured? Convert torr to atmospheres of P Boyle's law pV=pV Charles' law V/T=V/T Kelvin temperatures Combined boyle's and Charles' law Avogadro's principle Molar volume of gases PV=nRT, the ideal gas law Determining molecular weights from gas properties Treating mixtures of gases using Dalton's law What is the mole fraction? What are the basic assumptions of the kinetic model of gases Kinetic energy of gas molecules Average speeds of molecules Maxwellian distribution of speeds Diffusion and effusion of gases _ Graham's law Treating real gases using van der Waals equation
Chapter 13 - Liquids and Solids Understand the 4 types of intermolecular forces (ion-ion, dipole-dipole, Hydrogen bonding, London) Predict when Hydrogen bonding occurs Rank melting and boiling point of materials based on understanding of intermolec force strength What is polarizability and how is it affected by Molecular Weight of species? In liquids, what are viscosity, surface tension, capillary action. How is evaporation different from boiling? What is vapor pressure? (Solid State is covered in Second Semester.)